Academic articles

Recent literature on the crime of aggression (since June 2010)

Books

S. Barriga and C. Kreß (eds.), The Travaux Preparatoires of the Crime of Aggression
(Cambridge University Press, 2012)

S. Barriga and C. Kreß (eds.), The Crime of Aggression: A Commentary
(Cambridge University Press, 2017)

Y. Dinstein, War, Aggression and Self-Defence
(Cambridge University Press, 2011)

P. Grzebyk, Criminal Responsibility for the Crime of Aggression
(Routledge, 2013)

A. Hartig, Making Aggression A Crime Under Domestic Law (TMC Asser Press, 2023)

C. McDougall, The Crime of Aggression under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
(Cambridge University Press, 2013)

L.N. Sadat (ed.), Seeking Accountability for the Unlawful Use of Force  (Cambridge University Press, 2018)

E. Salmón (ed.), El crimen de agresión después de Kampala: soberanía de los Estados y lucha contra la impunidad
(Institute de Democracia y Derechos Humanos de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Peru, 2011) http://idehpucp.pucp.edu.pe/images/publicaciones/el_crimen_de_agresion_despues_de_kampala.pdf

S. Sayapin, The Crime of Aggression in International Criminal Law: Historical Development, Comparative Analysis and Present State
(T. M. C. Asser Press and Springer, 2014)

N. Weisbord, The Crime of Aggression: The Quest for Justice in an Age of Drones, Cyberattacks, Insurgents, and Autocrats 
(Princeton University Press, 2019)

Chapters in edited books

F. Anggadi, G. French and J. Potter, ‘Negotiating the Elements of the crime of aggression’, in S. Barriga and C. Kreß (eds.), The Travaux Préparatoires of the Crime of Aggression
(Cambridge University Press, 2012), 58–80

S. Barriga, ‘Negotiating the Amendments on the crime of aggression’, in S. Barriga and C. Kreß (eds.), The Travaux Préparatoires of the Crime of Aggression
(Cambridge University Press, 2012), 3–57

M. Cherif Bassiouni, ‘The Status of Aggression in International Law from Versailles to Kampala – and What the Future Might Hold’, in L.N. Sadat (ed.), Seeking Accountability for the Unlawful Use of Force (Cambridge University Press, 2018), 7–57

R. S. Clark, ‘Alleged Aggression in Utopia: An International Criminal Law Examination Question for 2020’, in W. A. Schabas, Y. McDermott and N Hayes (eds.), The Ashgate Research Companion to International Criminal Law: Critical Perspectives
(Ashgate, 2013), 63–78

Y. Dinstein, ‘The Crime of Aggression under Customary International Law’ in L.N. Sadat (ed.), Seeking Accountability for the Unlawful Use of Force
(Cambridge University Press, 2018), 285-302

T. Einarsen, ‘Prosecuting Aggression Through Other Universal Core Crimes at the International Criminal Court’ in L.N. Sadat (ed.), Seeking Accountability for the Unlawful Use of Force (Cambridge University Press, 2018), 337-385

A. Hartig, ‘The Crime of Aggression: The Fall of the Supreme International Crime?’ in S. Sayapin et al., International Conflict and Security Law (T.M.C. Asser Press, 2022)

C. Kreß, S. Barriga, L. Grover and L. v. Holtzendorff, ‘Negotiating the Understandings on the crime of aggression’, in S. Barriga and C. Kreß (eds.), The Travaux Préparatoires of the Crime of Aggression
(Cambridge University Press, 2012), 81–97

C. McDougall, ‘Protecting Civilians by Criminalizing the Most Serious Forms of the Illegal Use of Force: activating the International Criminal Court’s Jurisdiction over the Crime of Aggression’ in M. Lattimer/P. Sands (eds.) The Grey Zone: Civilian Protection Between Human Rights and the Laws of War
(Hart Oxford, 2018), 377-396

L.N. Sadat, ‘The Urgent Imperative of Peace’ in L.N. Sadat (ed.), Seeking Accountability for the Unlawful Use of Force (Cambridge University Press, 2018), 548-577

J. Trahan, ‘The Crime of Aggression and the International Criminal Court’ in L.N. Sadat (ed.), Seeking Accountability for the Unlawful Use of Force 
(Cambridge University Press, 2018), 303-336

D. Ruiz Verduzco, ‘Fragmentation of the Rome Statute through an Incoherent Jurisdictional Regime for the Crime of Aggression: A Silent Operation’ in C. Stahn and L. van der Herik (eds.), The Diversification and Fragmentation of International Criminal Law
(Martinus Nijhoff, 2012), 389-428

M. Ventura, ‘The Illegal Use of Force (Other Inhumane Act) as a Crime Against Humanity: An Assessment of the Case for a New Crime at the International Criminal Court’ in L.N. Sadat (ed.), Seeking Accountability for the Unlawful Use of Force  (Cambridge University Press, 2018), 386-424

Journal articles

D. Akande, ‘Treaty Law and ICC Jurisdiction over The Crime of Aggression’, European Journal of International Law, 29(3)
(2018), 939 – 959

D. Akande and A.Tzanakopoulos, «The Crime of Aggression in the ICC and State Responsibility,» Harvard International Law Journal, Online Version No. 58
(2017)
https://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/63592/Akande-and-Tzanakopoulos.pdf?sequence=1

K. Ambos, «The Crime of Aggression after Kampala,» German Yearbook of International Law, 53
(2010), 463 – 509
http://www.department-ambos.uni-goettingen.de/index.php/component/option,com_docman/Itemid,133/gid,131/task,cat_view

S.D. Bachmann and Y.Abdelkader, «Reconciling Quasi-States with the Crime of Aggression under the ICC Statue,» Emory International Law Review, 33(1)
(2018), 91-131
http://law.emory.edu/eilr/content/volume-33/issue-1/articles/quasi-states-aggression-ICC-statute.html

S. Barriga and L. Grover, «A Historic Breakthrough on the Crime of Aggression,» American Journal of International Law, 105
(2011), 517 – 33
http://www.regierung.li/uploads/media/105_AJIL_July_2011_-_Barriga-Grover_-_Historic_Breakthrough_on_the_Crime_of_Aggression_01.pdf

J. F. Bertram-Nothnagel, «A Seed for World Peace Planted in Africa: The Provisions on the Crime of Aggression Adopted at the Kampala Review Conference for the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court,» African Legal Aid Quarterly
(April-June 2010), 9 – 27

J.F. Bertram-Nothnagel, “A Seed for World Peace Growing in Africa: The Kampala
Amendments on the Crime of Aggression and the Monsoon of Malabo”, in “THE
INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT AND AFRICA – One Decade On”, E.A. Ankumah
(ed. 2016), 347-399.
https://intersentia.com/en/the-international-criminal-court-and-africa.html

N. Blokker and C. Kreß, «A Consensus Agreement on the Crime of Aggression: Impressions from Kampala,» Leiden Journal of International Law, 23
(2010), 889 – 95

L. v. Braun and A. Micus, «Judicial Independence at Risk: Critical Issues Regarding the Crime of Aggression Raised by Selected Human Rights Organizations,» Journal of International Criminal Justice, 10
(2012), 111 – 32

J.A. Burneo Labrin, «The crime of aggression in the Rome Statue of the International Criminal Court,» Agenda Internacional Vol. 25, 36
(2018), 303- 322

R.S. Clark, «Amendments to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court -Considered at the First Review Conference on the Court, Kampala, 31 May-11 June 2010,» Goettingen Journal of International Law, 2
(2010), 689 – 711
http://internationalcriminallawbook.com/Resources/Kampala%20(Goettingen).pdf

M. E. O’Connell and M. Niyazmatov, «What is Aggression? Comparing the Jus ad Bellum and the ICC,» Journal of International Criminal Justice, 10
(2012), 189 – 207
http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2013155

E. Creegan, «Justified Uses of Force and the Crime of Aggression,» Journal of -International Criminal Justice, 10
(2012), 59 – 82

D. M. Ferencz, «The Crime of Aggression: Some Personal Reflections on Kampala,» Leiden Journal of International Law, 23
(2010), 905 – 8

I. Gâlea, «Interpretation of the Kampala Amendments – One of the Key Issues for Activating the Jurisdiction of the ICC over the Crime of Aggression,» Jurnalul de Drept si Stiinte Administrative, 7 (1)
(2017), 175-191
https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=546176

M. Gillett, «The Anatomy of an International Crime: Aggression at the International Criminal Court,» International Criminal Law Review
(2013)
http://ssrn.com/abstract=2209687

R. Heinsch, «The Crime of Aggression after Kampala: Success or Burden for the Future?,» Goettingen Journal of International Law, 2
(2010), 713 – 43

K. Heller, «The Uncertain Legal Status of the Aggression Understandings,» Journal of International Criminal Justice, 10
(2012), 229 – 48
http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1883351

B. Jia, «The Crime of Aggression as Custom and the Mechanisms for determining Acts of Aggression,» American Journal of International Law, 109(3)
(2015), 569-582
https://doi.org/10.5305/amerjintelaw.109.3.0569

N.N. Jurdi, «The Domestic Prosecution of the Crime of Aggression after the International Criminal Court Review Conference: Possibilities and Alternatives,» Melbourne Journal of International Law, 14(1)
(2013)

H. P. Kaul, «Is It Possible to Prevent or Punish Future Aggressive War-making?,» FICHL Occasional Paper Series, 1
(2011)
http://www.fichl.org/fileadmin/fichl/documents/FICHL_OPS/FICHL_OPS_1_Kaul.pdf

J.C. Kestenbaum, «Closing impunity gaps for the crime of aggression,» Chicago Journal of International Law, 17 (1)
(2016), 51-79
https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1701&context=cjil

H.H. Koh, «The Crime of Aggression: The United States Perspective,» American Journal of International Law, 109(2)
(2015), 257- 295

C. Kreß, «On the Activation of ICC Jurisdiction over the Crime of Aggression,» Journal of International Criminal Justice, 16(1)
(2018), 1-17
https://doi.org/10.1093/jicj/mqy007
(This article is also available in Arabic, Chinese, Georgian, German, Italian, Korean, Russian and Spanish, see below:)

C. Kreß, «Die Aktivierung der Zuständigkeit des Internationalen Strafgerichtshofs für das Verbrechen der Aggression,» Archiv des Völkerrechts, 56 (3)
(2018), 269-288

C. Kreß, «O Privedenii v Deystvie Yurisdiktsii MUS v Otnoshenii Prestupleniya Agressii,» Mezhdunarodnoe pravosudie (International Justice Journal), 26 (2018), 77–89

C. Kreß, «Sobre la Activación de la Competencia de la CPI Respecto del Crimen de Agresión,» in N. Bautista Pizzaro (ed.), Estudios sobre la Parte Especial del Derecho internacional penal. Collection of Essays Translated into Spanish
(Universidad Externado de Colombia, 2018), 323-353

C. Kreß, «Sull’Attivazione della Guirisdizione della Corte Penale Internazionale in Relazione al Crimine Di Aggressione,» Diritto Penale Contemporaneo
(2018), 5-21

C. Kreß, «აგრესიის დანაშაულზე სისხლის სამართლის საერთაშორისო სასამართლოს იურისდიქციის ამოქმედების შესახებ,» Journal of the Constitutional Court of Georgia, 2
(2018), 5-21

C. Kreß, «침략범죄에 대한 국제형사재판소의관할권 개시에 관한 고찰,» Seoul International Law Journal, 25
(2018), 219-242

C. Kreß, «حول تفعيل اختصاص المحكمة الجنائية الدولية على جريمة العدوان- دراسة,» https://blogs.icrc.org/alinsani/2018/09/06/2016/ (2018).

C. Kreß, «Du Déclenchement de la Compétence de la Cour Pénale Internationale à L’égard du Crime D’agression, African Journal of International and Comparative Law 27 (4)
(2019), 546-563

C. Kreß and L. von Holtzendorff, «The Kampala Compromise on the Crime of Aggression,» Journal of International Criminal Justice, 8
(2010), 1179 – 217
http://jicj.oxfordjournals.org/content/8/5/1179.abstract

R. Manson, «Identifying the Rough Edges of the Kampala Compromise,» Criminal Law Forum, 21
(2010), 417 – 43
http://www.bepj.org.uk/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/CLF-2010-Manson-final-ed-by-authorTrack-changes-accepted.pdf

F. Megret, «The International Criminal Justice as peace project (The Crime of Aggression before the International Criminal Court),» European Journal of International Law, 29(3)
(2018), 835-858
https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chy057

M. Milanovic, «Aggression and Legality: Custom in Kampala,» Journal of International Criminal Justice, 10
(2012), 165 – 87
http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1925724

F.M. Muhammadin, «Terrorism and the crime of aggression under the Rome Statue,» Mimbar Hukum, 27(1)
(2015), 128-144

M. Politi, «The ICC and the Crime of Aggression: A Dream that Came Trough and the Reality Ahead,» Journal of International Criminal Justice, 10 (2012), 267 – 88

A. Reisinger Coracini, «The International Criminal Court’s Exercise of Jurisdiction over the Crime of Aggression – at Last … in Reach … over Some,» Goettingen Journal of International Law, 2
(2010), 745 – 89
http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1678420

F. Rosenfeld, «Individual Civil Responsibility for the Crime of Aggression,» Journal of International Criminal Justice, 10
(2012), 249 – 65
http://jicj.oxfordjournals.org/content/10/1/249.full?keytype=ref&ijkey=8EcPkAu61rlPaUZ

T. Ruys, «Criminalizing aggression: How the future of the law on the use of force rests in the hands of the ICC,» European Journal of International Law, 29(3)
(2018), 887-917

B v. Schaack, «Negotiating at the Interface between Law and Politics: The Crime of Aggression,» Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, 49
(2011) 505 – 601
http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1668661

B. v. Schaack, «Par in Parem Imperium Non Habet: Complementarity and the Crime of Aggression,» Journal of International Criminal Justice, 10 (2012), 133 – 64
http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1875863

B. v. Schaack, «The Aggression Amendments: Points of Consensus and Dissension,» in American Society of International Law (ed.), Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting
(The American Society of International Law, 2012), 154 – 7
http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1816507

D.Scheffer, «The Complex Crime of Aggression under the Rome Statute,» Leiden Journal of International Law, 23
(2010), 897 – 904

K. Schmalenbach, «Das Verbrechen der Aggression vor dem Internationalen Straf-gerichtshof: Ein politischer Erfolg mit rechtlichen Untiefen,» Juristen Zeitung, 65
(2010), 745 – 52

J. Trahan, «A Meaningful Definition of the Crime of Aggression: A Response To Michael Glennon,» University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Law 101
(2012), 33
https://www.law.upenn.edu/live/files/973-trahan33upajintll9072012pdf

J. Trahan, «Is Complementarity The Right Approach For The International Criminal Court’s Crime of Aggression? Considering the Problem of ‘Overzealous’ National Court Prosecutions,» Cornell University Journal of International Law
(2012), 569-601

J. Trahan, «Revisiting the Role of the Security Council Concerning the International Criminal Court’s Crime of Aggression, » The Journal of International Criminal Justice 17 (3)
(2019), 471-483

J. Trahan, «The Rome Statute’s Amendment on the Crime of Aggression: Negotiations at the Kampala Review Conference,» International Criminal Law Review, 11 (2011), 49 – 104
http://www2.americanbar.org/calendar/section-of-international-law-2011-spring-meeting/Pages/Friday.aspx.T

J. Trahan, «Legal Issues Surrounding Veto Use and Aggression, » Case W. Res. J. Int’l L. (2023) Vol. 55, pp, 93-146.  https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2650&context=jil.

T. Weigend, «‘In general a principle of justice’: The Debate on the ‘Crime against Peace’ in the Wake of the Nuremberg Judgement,» Journal of International Criminal Justice, 10
(2012), 41 – 58
http://jicj.oxfordjournals.org/content/10/1/41.abstract

N. Weisbord, «Judging Aggression,» Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, 50
(2011), 82 – 168
http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1846916

C. Wenaweser, «Reaching the Kampala Compromise on Aggression: The Chair’s Perspective,» Leiden Journal of International Law, 23
(2010), 883–87

A. G. Wills, «The Crime of Aggression and the Resort to Force against Entities in Statu Nascendi,» Journal of International Criminal Justice, 10 (2012), 83 – 110
http://jicj.oxfordjournals.org/content/10/1/83.abstract

J.J. Quintana, «A note on the activation of the ICC’s jurisdiction over the crime of aggression,» The Law and Practice of International Courts and Tribunals, 17(1)
(2018), 236-250

D. Zhu, «China, the crime of aggression and the International Criminal Court,» Asian Journal of International Law 5(1)
(2015), 94- 122

A. Zimmermann, «Amending the Amendment Provisions of the Rome Statute: The Kampala Compromise on the Crime of Aggression and the Law of Treaties,» Journal of International Criminal Justice, 10
(2012), 209 – 27
http://jicj.oxfordjournals.org/content/10/1/209.abstract